Drug NameHydrochlorothiazide Drug UsesHydrochlorothiazide is used for treating high blood pressure. It is also used to treat fluid buildup in the body caused by certain conditions (e.g., heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney problems) or medicines (e.g., corticosteroids, estrogen). It may be used alone or with other medicines. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. How to useUse Hydrochlorothiazide as directed by your doctor.
- Take Hydrochlorothiazide by mouth with or without food.
- Hydrochlorothiazide may increase the amount of urine or cause you to urinate more often when you first start taking it. To keep this from disturbing your sleep, try to take your dose before 6 pm.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Hydrochlorothiazide. Drug Class and MechanismHydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It helps the kidneys to remove fluid from the body. Missed DoseIf you miss a dose of Hydrochlorothiazide and are using it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once. Storage Store Hydrochlorothiazide between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Hydrochlorothiazide out of the reach of children and away from pets. Possible Side EffectsCheck with your doctor if any of these most common side effects persist or become bothersome:
- Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; lightheadedness (especially when sitting up or standing); loss of appetite; nausea; temporary blurred vision.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these severe side effects occur:
- Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); confusion; dark urine; decreased urination; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; increased thirst; joint pain, swelling, warmth, or redness (especially of the big toe joint); mental or mood changes; muscle pain or cramps; numbness or tingling; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; seizures; severe or persistent dizziness; severe or persistent nausea or stomach pain; shortness of breath; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual drowsiness, restlessness, tiredness, or weakness; unusually dry mouth; vomiting; yellowing of the eyes or skin.
More InformationIf you have any questions about Hydrochlorothiazide, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Hydrochlorothiazide is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people. Warnings/PrecautionsDo not use Hydrochlorothiazide if:
- you are allergic to any ingredient in Hydrochlorothiazide;
- you are unable to urinate;
- you are taking dofetilide or ketanserin.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Important :
- Hydrochlorothiazide may cause dizziness or blurred vision. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Hydrochlorothiazide with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
- Hydrochlorothiazide may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of any of these effects.
- Your doctor may also prescribe a potassium supplement for you. If so, take the potassium supplement exactly as prescribed. Do not start taking additional potassium on your own or change your diet to include more potassium without first checking with your doctor.
- Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Hydrochlorothiazide before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
- Tell your doctor if you will be exposed to high temperatures. The risk of certain side effects (eg, low blood sodium levels) may be increased in hot weather.
- Hydrochlorothiazide may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Hydrochlorothiazide. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.
- Hydrochlorothiazide may raise your blood sugar. High blood sugar may make you feel confused, drowsy, or thirsty. It can also make you flush, breathe faster, or have a fruit-like breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor right away.
- Diabetes patients - Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.
- Lab tests, including kidney function, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels, may be performed while you use Hydrochlorothiazide . These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
- Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Hydrochlorothiazide may cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Hydrochlorothiazide while you are pregnant. Hydrochlorothiazide is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Hydrochlorothiazide, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.
Hydrochlorothiazide treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen. This medication is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What is the most important information I should know about hydrochlorothiazide?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to hydrochlorothiazide or if you are unable to urinate.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, asthma or allergies, gout, diabetes, or if you are allergic to sulfa drugs.
Avoid drinking alcohol, which can increase some of the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough.
There are many other medicines that can interact with hydrochlorothiazide. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list with you of all the medicines you use and show this list to any doctor or other healthcare provider who treats you.
If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
What should I discuss with my doctor before taking hydrochlorothiazide?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to hydrochlorothiazide, or if you are unable to urinate.
Before using hydrochlorothiazide, tell your doctor if you have:
If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take hydrochlorothiazide.
FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Hydrochlorothiazide can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take hydrochlorothiazide?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood pressure will need to be checked on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
Your blood and urine may both be tested if you have been vomiting or are dehydrated.
Hydrochlorothiazide can interfere with the results of a thyroid test. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using a thiazide diuretic.
If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
Store the tablets at room temperature away from heat, light, and moisture.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, thirst, and muscle pain or weakness.
What should I avoid while taking hydrochlorothiazide?
Avoid drinking alcohol, which can increase some of the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide.
Avoid using other medicines that make you light-headed (such as cold medicine, pain medication, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression or anxiety). They can add to the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Tell your doctor if you regularly use any of these medicines, or any other blood pressure medications.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough.
Hydrochlorothiazide side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
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dry mouth, thirst, nausea, vomiting;
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feeling weak, drowsy, restless, or light-headed;
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fast or uneven heartbeat;
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muscle pain or weakness;
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numbness or tingly feeling;
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a red, blistering, peeling skin rash; or
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nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
Less serious side effects may include:
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diarrhea;
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mild stomach pain;
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constipation; or
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blurred vision.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.
Hydrochlorothiazide Dosing Information
Usual Adult Dose for Edema: 25 to 100 mg orally as a single or divided dose. Usual Adult Dose for Hypertension: Initial dose: 25 mg orally once a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase to 50 mg orally as a single or 2 divided doses. Usual Adult Dose for Nephrocalcinosis: Initial: 25 mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose: May increase to 50 mg twice a day Usual Adult Dose for Osteoporosis: Initial: 25 mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose: May increase to 50 mg per day Usual Adult Dose for Diabetes Insipidus: Initial: 50 mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose: May increase to 100 mg per day Usual Pediatric Dose for not applicable: less than 6 months: 3 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses.
less than 2 years: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day orally as a single or 2 divided doses.
Maximum dose 37.5 mg/day.
2 to 12 years: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day orally as a single or 2 divided doses.
Maximum dose 100 mg/day.
What other drugs will affect hydrochlorothiazide?
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
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lithium;
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digoxin (Lanoxin);
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cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran) or colestipol (Colestid);
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steroids (prednisone and others);
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other blood pressure medications;
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NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), diclofenac (Voltaren), indomethacin, naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), nabumetone (Relafen), etodolac (Lodine), and others; or
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insulin or diabetes medicine taken by mouth.
This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with hydrochlorothiazide. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
Where can I get more information?
- Your pharmacist can provide more information about hydrochlorothiazide.
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