Drug NameCozaar (Losartan) Drug UsesLosartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other agents. It has less of an effect in black patients, similar to ACE inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), and lisinopril (Zestril). How to useLosartan may be given with or without food. Losartan is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes to an active metabolite that is responsible for most of the drug activity. Reduction in dose by 50% is suggested in patients with impaired liver function. Drug Class and MechanismLosartan and its primary metabolite block the angiotensin receptor found in many tissues, primarily in vascular smooth muscle. Angiotensin, formed by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), is a powerful chemical that causes blood vessel narrowing (vasoconstriction) which can lead to elevated blood pressure (hypertension). Missed DoseTake the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication. Storage Tablets should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed, light resistant container. Possible Side EffectsIn studies of over 4000 patients, including 1200 treated for over 6 months and 800 for over 1 year, the overall incidence of side effects was similar to placebo. Losartan is generally well tolerated. Side effects reported included diarrhea, muscle cramps, dizziness, insomnia, and nasal congestion. More InformationStop taking losartan and contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical treatment If you experience any of the following serious side effects: an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or little or no urine.
Other side effects are less serious. Continue to take losartan and talk to your doctor if you experience diarrhea or upset stomach, muscle pain or cramps, dizziness, or insomnia.
Side effects, other than those listed here, may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. Warnings/PrecautionsUse caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Losartan may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid these activities. Also use caution when rising from a sitting or lying position. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may further lower blood pressure and increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking losartan. Do not use salt substitutes or take potassium supplements without first talking to your doctor. Losartan can affect potassium levels in the body. When used in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, drugs that act by the same mechanism as losartan can cause injury and even death to the fetus. Losartan should not be used during pregnancy. When pregnancy is detected, losartan should be stopped as soon as possible. Losartan is present in rat milk, and is toxic to rat neonates. Therefore, it should be avoided in nursing mothers
What is losartan?
Losartan is in a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Losartan keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.
Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is sometimes given together with other blood pressure medications.
Losartan may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What is the most important information I should know about losartan?
Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are pregnant. Losartan may cause injury and even death to the unborn baby if you take it during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Use an effective form of birth control. Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment. You should not use this medication if you are allergic to losartan. Avoid drinking alcohol. It can lower your blood pressure and may increase some of the side effects of losartan. Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking losartan, unless your doctor has told you to.
To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood pressure will need to be checked on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
Keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking losartan?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to losartan.
Before using losartan, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:
If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication.
FDA pregnancy category D. This medication can cause harm to an unborn baby. Losartan may cause injury and even death to the unborn baby if you take it during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Do not use losartan without your doctor's consent if you are pregnant. Use an effective form of birth control. Stop using this medication and tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether losartan passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take losartan?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.
You may take losartan with or without food.
To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood pressure will need to be checked on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.
It may take 3 to 6 weeks of using this medicine before your blood pressure is under control. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 3 weeks of treatment.
Keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
Store losartan at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
Overdose symptoms may include fast or slow heartbeat, dizziness, or feeling like you might pass out.
What should I avoid while taking losartan?
Avoid drinking alcohol. It can lower your blood pressure and may increase some of the side effects of losartan. Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes while you are taking losartan, unless your doctor has told you to.
Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.
Losartan side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
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feeling like you might pass out;
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painful or difficult urination;
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chest pain;
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numbness or tingly feeling;
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pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding;
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swelling in your hands or feet; or
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slow heart rate, weak pulse, muscle weakness, tingly feeling.
Less serious side effects may include:
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runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough;
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muscle, leg, or back pain;
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nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea;
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headache, dizziness;
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tired feeling; or
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sleep problems (insomnia).
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.
What other drugs will affect losartan?
Before taking losartan, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with losartan. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
Where can I get more information?
- Your pharmacist can provide more information about losartan.
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